The global textile and apparel industry is worth over US$ 4,395 billion, with clothing accounting for 60 per cent of the market and apparel, the balance 40 per cent. Global trade in this industry is now at US$ 350 billion and is expected to be in the range of US$ 600 billion by 2010 and US$ 800 billion by 2014.

The Indian textile industry is one of the oldest and most significant industries in the country. It accounts for around 4 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP), 14 per cent of industrial production and over 13 per cent of the country's total export earnings. In fact, it is the largest foreign exchange earning sector of India. Moreover, it provides employment to over 35 million persons.

The Indian textile industry is in a stronger position now than it was in the last six decades. The industry which was growing at 3 - 4 percent during the last six decades has now accelerated to an annual growth rate of 9 - 10 percent. There is a sense of optimism in the industry and textiles sector has now become a 'sunrise' sector. Considering the domestic availability of cloth, the per capita availability of cloth is projected at 62.23 sq. mtrs. by the end of the Eleventh Plan period, as against 39.17 sq. mtrs. in 2006-07, registering an annual rate of growth of 9.70 percent per annum. The per capita availability is estimated based on the projected population and expected export trend.

At present, India ranks First in jute production (at 1,900 million kilograms), Second in silk production (at 15 million kilograms of raw silk), Second in cotton exports (at 2,000 million kilograms), Second in cotton production (at 2,700 million kilograms of cotton fibre), Fifth in man-made fibres (at 2,000 million kilograms) and ranks Eighth in the total production of wool (at 51 million kilograms) in the world.



The Indian textile industry is estimated to be around US$ 52 billion and is likely to reach US$ 115 billion by 2012. The domestic market is likely to increase from US$ 34.6 billion to US$ 60 billion by 2012. It is estimated that India's share of exports to the world would also increase from the current 4 per cent to around 7 per cent during this period.

USA and European Union (EU) together are the major consumers of textiles. They accounted for nearly 64 per cent of clothing and 39 per cent of textile consumption.

India's textile exports have shot up from US$ 19.14 billion in 2006-07 to US$ 22.13 billion in 2007-08, registering a growth of over 15 per cent. Indian textiles are exported to more than 100 countries, with the US being the largest buyer. Ready Made Garments (RMG) are the largest export segment, accounting for almost 41 per cent of total textile exports. RMG exports from India were worth US$ 9.06 billion in 2007-08. During April 2008-February 2009, RMG exports were worth US$ 8.59 billion, an increase of 4.86 per cent over the corresponding period of 2007-08.

Apparel is the second largest retail category in India. The domestic apparel retailing industry is estimated to be round US$ 2.7 billion and in spite of recession is likely to grow at 5-7 per cent in 2009-10. The domestic organised garment retailing clocked a growth of 13-14 per cent for year ended March 2009.


The apparel sector has over 25,000 domestic manufacturers,48,000 fabricators and around 4,000 manufacturers/exporters. Over 80 per cent of the total units are small operations (less than 20 machines) and are either proprietorship or partnership firms. Tirupur in Tamil Nadu is the largest Knitted garments Cluster in India with over 3000 Knitted Garment exporters exporting over US 2.3 0 billion directly and indirectly. This cluster accounts for 90 per cent of the India's cotton knitwear exports.

The accessories market is pegged between US$ 298.6 million and US$ 597.3 million, which has been growing at 15 to 18 per cent. Within this, the branded accessories segment is growing at 25 per cent.

ITEMS	UNITS	2003 - 04	2004 - 05	2005 - 06	2006 - 07	2007 - 08
Cotton/Man-made Fibre Textiles Mills	No	1787	1789	1780	1808	1773
Spinning Mills(Non-SSI)	No	1564	1566	1570	1608	1597
Composite Mills(Non-SSI)	No	223	223	210	200	176
Spinning Mills(SSI)	No	1135	1161	1173	1236	1219
Exclusive Weaving Mills(Non-SSI)	No	206	202	204	204	179
Powerloom Units	Lakh No	4.13	4.26	4.34	4.40	4.49
Capacity Installed
Spindles(SSI+Non-SSI)	Million No.	37.03	37.47	37.51	39.50	39.07
Rotors (SSI+Non-SSI)	Lakh No.	4.82	5.00	5.20	6.01	6.21
Looms(Organised sector)	Lakh No.	1.05	1.03	0.92	0.88	0.71
Powerloom	Lakh No.	18.37	19.03	19.44	19.90	21.06
Handloom	Lakh No.	38.91	38.91	38.91	38.91	38.91
Man-made fibres	Million Kg.	1101	1189	1191	1663	1659
Man-made filaments	Million Kg.	1228	1337	1374	2053	2101
Worsted spindles(Woollen)	Thousand No.	604	604	604	604	604
Non-worsted spindles(Woollen)	Thousand No.	437	437	437	437	437
Production of Fibres
Raw cotton *	Lakh bales	179.00	243.00	241.00	280.00	315.00
Man-made fibres	Million Kg.	953	1023	968	1139	1244
Raw wool	Million Kg.	48.50	44.60	44.90	45.20	45.20
Raw silk	Million Kg.	15.74	16.50	17.31	18.48	18.31
Production of Yarn
Cotton yarn	Million Kg.	2121	2272	2521	2823	2948
Other spun yarn	Million Kg.	931	951	937	990	1055
Man-made filament yarn	Million Kg.	1118	1109	1179	1370	1509
Production of Fibres
Cotton	Million sq.mtr.	18040	20655	23873	26238	27196
Blended	Million sq.mtr.	6068	6032	6298	6882	6888
100% Non-cotton (including Khadi,Wool & Silk)	Million sq.mtr.	18275	18691	19406	20269	21173
Total	Million sq.mtr.	42383	45378	49577	53389	55257
Per capita availability of cloth	Sq.mtr.	31.01	33.51	36.10	39.60	41.85
Production of Textile Machinery	Million US$	292.52	375.74	500.64	618.03	747.32
Textile Exports (including Jute,Coir& Handicraft)	Million US$	13532	14055	17553	19144	21474
Textile Imports	Million US$	2021	2336	2739	2839	3334

Technical Textiles: Technical or functional textiles are those textiles that have some functional properties attached to it and are different from traditional textiles that are merely used for adoration. The technical textiles market which at present is around US$ 80.1 million and growing at a healthy pace of about 12 per cent, is expected to touch US$ 13.7 million by 2012-13.

Keeping this in mind, the government has designed Centers of Excellence for Agrotech, Buildtech, Meditech and GFeotech group of technical textiles at an outlay US$ 8.97 million. The government will shortly launch a US$ 122.42 million Technology Mission on Technical Textiles and also create a Development Council for Technical Textiles.

Textile Industry of Tamil Nadu: The Textile Industry of Tamil Nadu has its significant presence in the National and State economy. It is the forerunner in Industrial development. Handloom, Powerloom, Spinning, Processing, Garment and Hosiery are the various sectors of the Textile Industry in Tamil Nadu and known for the largest economic activity next only to Agriculture in providing direct and indirect employment.

• Handlooms: Tamil Nadu occupies a pride place in handloom sector with maximum number of handlooms in the Country. Handloom weaving is one of the largest economic activities in Tamil Nadu. There are 4.13 lakh handlooms located in the State in which 2.32 lakh handlooms are functioning with 1130 Handloom Weavers Co-operative Societies and the remaining 1.81 lakh looms are outside the Co-operative fold, thus providing employment to 6.08 lakh weavers.
  
  



• Power looms: The Powerloom Sector in Tamil Nadu provides employment to around 9.14 lakh workers. As against 19.03 lakh registered powerlooms in India, 3.66 lakh are located in Tamil Nadu and of that 42,566 are covered under 164 Powerloom Weavers Co-operative Societies. During the year 2008-09, these Societies have produced 1487.50 lakh metres of cloth worth around Rs. 246.09 Crores and the turnover was around Rs.253.50 Crores.
• Textile and Spinning Mills: The Textile Mills are the backbone of Tamil Nadu's industrial development and are providing massive employment in the State predominantly spinning-oriented. The State textile industry has a significant presence in the national economy also. There are 3069 large, medium and small spinning mills in India, of which, 1889 are located in Tamil Nadu. The spinning mills in the State comprise 18 Cooperative Spinning Mills (5 functioning), 17 National Textile Corporation Mills (7 functioning) and 1854 Private Mills (including 23 Composite Mills). Those spinning mills provide employment for around 2.40 lakh persons. The capacity of the spinning mills in the State is around 18.92 million spindles. The State produces about 1612 million kg. of spun yarn per year and this is about 40% of the spun yarn produced per year in the entire nation.
  
  


• Garment and Hosiery: The Garment Sector in Tamil Nadu is one of the fast growing sectors in the textile industry. It is located substantially around Chennai City, with specialization in cotton fibre garments. The Hosiery Units in Tamil Nadu are located at Tiruppur and are manufacturing Knitwear Garments to the tune of Rs.11000 Crores per annum. There are around 4000 knitwear and woven garment production units in the State provide employment to around 5 lakh persons.
• Processing: The processing sector determines the core product value, product quality and has tremendous scope for innovations and control over the final output. Processing is an important value added segment in the Textile Industry. There are about 10397 Hand Processing Units and 2510 Power Processing Units in India, out of which 2614 Hand Processing Units and 985 Power Processing Units are located in Tamil Nadu.
  
  

ITEMS	ALL INDIA	TAMIL NADU
Spinning Sector
No. of Spinning Mills	3069	1889
Workers (in lakh)	8.94	2.40
Spindles (in Million)	39.27	18.92
Powerloom Sector
Powerloom (in lakhs)	19.03	3.66
Workers (in lakhs)	47.57	9.14
Handloom Sector
Handloom (in lakhs)	34.86	4.13
Workers (in lakhs)	65.50	6.08
Handloom Cloth Production (Bn. Sq. Mt) Value (Rs. in Crores)	6.00 18000	0.70 1700
Other Sector
Power Processing Units	2510	985
Hand Processing Units	10397	2614
Knitwear and garment Units	8000	4000

The domestic textiles and apparels market in India is witnessing strong growth owing to a young population, an increase in disposable incomes and a rapid growth in organised retail. According to the Confederation of Indian Industry-Ernst & Young Textiles and Apparel Report 2007, the Indian sourcing market is estimated to grow at an annual average rate of 12 per cent from an expected market size of US$ 22 billion-US$ 25 billion in 2008 to US$ 35 billion-US$ 37 billion by 2011.

Cost - Competitiveness: India enjoys significant low cost advantage in manufacture of Textiles and Apparels as follows:

Yarn: US$ per kg of yarn
Fabric: US$ per yard of fabric





Availability of low cost skilled labour: Labour costs in India continue to be significantly low as compared to other countries. This factor provides a significant advantage to the textile industry in India, in terms of increased productivity at lower costs.



Due to this significant cost-advantage, world's cutting edge fashion brands such as Hugo Boss, Diesel and Liz Claiborne are stepping up their sourcing from India.

Favourable domestic market: With increase in disposable income levels, consumer awareness and propensity to spend and the demographic trends in India are changing significantly. According to NCAER data, the consuming class, with an annual income of US$ 980 or above, is growing continuously and is expected to constitute over 80 per cent of the population by 2009-10. There is a significant change in the consumer mindset which has led to a growing trend of increased consumption of personal care and lifestyle products, as well as branded products. These trends offer great growth opportunities to companies across various sectors, including textiles.

Abundant and low price supply of raw-materials: As can be seen from the cost competitiveness chart, India is more cost-competitive than China and Brazil across a range of materials. India also has a diverse supply of raw materials, 23 varieties of cotton and all four varieties of silk. This inherent strength in availability of raw materials insulates the market from any supply-side shocks.

• Tamil Nadu has the largest cotton textile industry cluster in India which contributes to 39 per cent of the total production in the country. The country's largest textile cluster, Tirupur, is also situated in Tamil Nadu. This cluster accounts for 90 per cent of the country's cotton knitwear exports. The exports of the Tirupur cluster for the current fiscal year is US$ 1400 million.
• Chennai is another large cluster for woven garments. Exporting over US 1.2 billion. The state is emerging as a global sourcing hub for ready-made garments and hosts many global brands due to its cost-advantage.
• Abundant availability of skilled manpower in Textiles Processing and manufacturing - Largest turn-out of skilled manpower in India.
• Textiles parks in Chennai, Erode & Tirupur with Common Effluent Treatment Facilities.
• Reliable and quality infrastructure availability.
• Excellent Air Port and Sea port Logistics: Chennai has two modern ports in Chennai and another in Tuticorin, providing Gateway for exports and imports. Chennai container terminal is the most efficient in India. Chennai Port has two modern container terminals.

In an effort to increase India's share in the world textile market, the government has introduced a number of progressive steps.

• 100 per cent FDI allowed through the automatic route.

• De-reservation of readymade garments, hosiery and knitwear from the small-scale industries sector in end-2000.
• Technology Mission on Cotton was launched to make quality raw material available at competitive prices.
• Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) to facilitate the modernisation and upgradation of the textiles industry till 2011-12. A total of 18773 applications involving a project cost of US$ 24.91 billion have been sanctioned under TUFS upto March 31, 2008.
• 40 textile parks are being set up under the Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP) which will attract an investment of US$ 4.38 billion.
• Tamil Nadu produces the largest pool of skilled technicians, skilled workers and Engineers in Textile Industry. Abundant availability of skilled manpower makes Tamil Nadu an ideal investment destination.
• Government of Tamil Nadu have so far promoted 13 Textile parks in Tamil Nadu. They are: Two textile parks under the "Apparel Park for Exports Scheme (APES)" ; Four projects under the "Textile Center Infrastructure Development Scheme (TCIDS)" and seven textile parks under the Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP) to upgrade the Handloom industry with world-class infrastructure facilities to meet international standards to augment export and generate employment, have been established in the State of Tamil Nadu by the Government of India at a total project cost of Rs.774.41 Crores.
• SIPCOT and South India Mills Association (SIMA) are setting up a Textiles Processing Park in an area of 317acres in the III Phase of SIPCOT Industrial park at Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu at a cost of Rs.450 Crores.

S.No.	Name of the Project	Project Cost (Rs. in Crore)	Year of Sanction	Direct Employment Generation (No. of Persons)	Indirect Employment (No. of Persons)	Date of Completion
Apparel Park for Exports Scheme (APES)
1	Netaji Apparel Park, Tiruppur	17.62	2002	7000	9000	Completed
2	Apparel Park at Irungattu kottai	26.70	2004	10000	10000	Completed Production
Textile Center Infrastructure Development Scheme (TCIDS)
3	Kancheepuram	21.81	2004	Infrastructure Development		Completed (Except CEPT)
4	Windmill Project for TEKIC, Tiruppur	25.00	2003	Wind Power Generation		Completed
5	Cauvery Hi-Tech Weaving Park, Kumarapalayam	33.32	2005	1200	15000	Completed Production
6	Hi-Tech Weaving Park at Palladam	55.42	2005	2500	3500	Completed and Commenced Production
7	Hi-Tech Weaving Park at Kumarapalayam	34.82	2006	1500	1500
8	Integrated Textile Park at Chengapalli, Erode District	149.45	2006	5000	7500	October 2009
9	SIMA Processing Park at Cuddalore	112.60	2007	5000	15000	October 2009
10	Integrated Textile Park at Madurai	87.86	2007	3000	4000	October 2009
11	Integrated Textile Park at Karur	90.68	2007	3000	4000	October 2009
12	Hi-Tech Weaving Park at Erode	63.02	-	2300	4000	Revised Proposal sent to government of India for Approval
13	Vaigai Hi-Tech Weaving Park, Andipatti	56.11	-	2580	15000
Total		774.41		43080	88500